Business Law Journal

In a pivotal 2025 decision, the California Supreme Court confirmed that businesses can be held to forum selection clauses even if doing so means waiving the procedural right to a jury trial under California law. This holding underscores a critical consideration for contract formation: what may seem like a routine contract clause can significantly alter your legal rights. Businesses must be vigilant during negotiations to ensure dispute resolution terms do not unintentionally undermine their position in future litigation.

In Zackary Diamond v. Scott Schweitzer, et al., California Court of Appeal recently addressed whether a broad release and waiver of liability form, signed by a patron to a racing event as a prerequisite to gaining access to the pit area, released the racetrack’s owners from alleged negligence claims arising from an injury sustained as a result of a punch by a third party.  The Court of Appeal confirmed that the waiver and release protected the racetrack’s owners from such claims and affirmed summary judgment in their favor.

In Camden Systems, LLC v. 409 North Camden, LLC, a California Court of Appeal recently affirmed that a limited liability company (“LLC”) “shall have all the powers of a natural person in carrying out its business activities”, which included ratifying its prior acts. Moreover, the California Court of Appeal affirmed that a member does not have standing to challenge actions taken before it became a member of the LLC, of record or beneficially; and that LLC operating agreements may (with some limitations) deviate from and supersede statutory default provisions.

On September 30, 2023, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed into law Senate Bill (SB) No. 235, now codified as California Code of Civil Procedure section 2016.090, introducing a significant shift towards encouraging proactive initial disclosures in state court civil litigation. This legislative change amends California’s Civil Discovery Act to include proactive initial disclosure rules that align with those used in Federal Court. Effective for almost all civil cases filed after January 1, 2024, until January 1, 2027, this amendment heralds a new era of discovery rules in California that aim to foster judicial efficiency, transparency, and fairness in civil litigation.

The recent decision in Epochal Enterprises, Inc. v. LF Encinitas Properties, LLC, 2024 WL 358231 (1/31/24), asks the question: Will common exculpatory lease terms protect the landlord from an adverse jury verdict of gross negligence?  Ultimately, the answer is “No.”

Paperwork is an inevitable and often tedious part of doing business.  When that paperwork becomes routine and time consuming, the natural inclination is to skim documents or rely on industry-developed shortcuts.  While this can save you time in the short-term, doing this risks exposing you and your company to massive liability. And while you can directly control your own actions, the risk of liability does not end there.  Many companies choose to outsource that paperwork to third-parties and trust them to do their jobs. But even when you have good practices internally, when the third parties that work for you do not follow best practices, you can still be put at risk.  The recent California Court of Appeals decision in Bergstrom v. Zions Bancorporation is a clear example of how reliance on third-party agents and a third-party’s use of shortcuts can expose your company to massive liabilities. 2022 WL 1419910 (2022).

According to a recent unanimous decision by the California Court of Appeal’s First District, an action alleging violations of California’s Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”) may be filed in any county where any allegedly aggrieved employee worked or alleges to have suffered violations of the Labor Code.  It does not matter where the employee suing the company worked or where the employer-company is located. 

In MSY Trading Inc., et al. v. Saleen Automotive, Inc., the California Court of Appeal recently ruled on a question of first impression: whether a postjudgment, independent action to establish alter ego liability for a judgment on a contract is subject to an award of attorney fees (pursuant to the contract) for a prevailing party, even if the prevailing party had not signed that contract.  The Court of Appeal affirmed that any prevailing party, having prevailed in an action based on the contract, could properly seek attorney fees as allowed by the contract.  The Court of Appeal also noted that had such alter ego allegations been made in the prior breach of contract action, the prevailing party would most certainly have been entitled to recover its attorney’s fees —  therefore, the postjudgment, independent action to establish alter ego liability on that judgment must be considered an action based on the contract.

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) went into effect on January 1, 2020.  Is your business prepared and in compliance with the new law? 

The California Supreme Court recently issued the latest in a series of decisions concerning the applicability of Code of Civil Procedure § 425.16 (the “anti-SLAPP law”), which was designed to enable early dismissal of lawsuits that are filed primarily to discourage the free exercise of speech and petition rights.